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†Section of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, 67663
Kaiserslautern, Germany
‡Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, W€ahringerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
§Section of Food Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruher Institut f€ur Technologie, Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe,
Germany
Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables and ^Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-
Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

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ABSTRACT：In the present study, we addressed the question whether cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) or complex C3G-rich blackberry extracts affect human topoisomerases with special emphasis on the contribution of the potential degradation products phloroglucinol aldehyde (PGA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA). In HT29 colon carcinoma cells a C3G-rich blackberry extract suppressed camptothecin- (CPT-) or doxorubicin- (DOX-) induced stabilization of the covalent DNA
topoisomerase intermediate, thus antagonizing the effects of these classical topoisomerase poisons on DNA integrity. As a single compound, C3G (100μM) decreased the DNA-damaging effects of CPT as well, but did not significantly affect those induced by DOX. At the highest applied concentration (100 μM), cyanidin protected DNA from CPT- and DOX-induced damage. Earlier reports on DNAdamaging properties of cyanidin were found to result most likely from the formation of hydrogen peroxide as an artifact in the cell culturemedium when the incubation was performed in the absence of catalase. The suppression of hydrogen peroxide accumulation,achieved by the addition of catalase, demonstrated that cyanidin does not exhibit DNA-damaging properties in HT29 cells (up to 100 μM). The observed effects on topoisomerase interference and DNA protection against CPT or DOX were clearly limited to the parent compound and were not observed for the potential cyanidin degradation products PGA and PCA.

Keywords:DNA damage, topoisomerase, cyanidin, camptothecin, doxorubicin

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